Research in Context
Tree species with area of origin Europe to Caucasus
Fraxinus ornus
Oleaceae
Distribution in Athens A specimen tree in a private garden in the borough of Zografou.
Biomes temperate
Countries and regions (POWO Database)
Area of origin East Central & South Europe to Caucasus.
Countries and regions in the area of origin
EUROPE
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, NW. Balkan Pen., Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkey-in-Europe.
ASIA
Lebanon-Syria, Transcaucasus, Türkey
Global distribution (introduced)
AMERICAS
Argentina Northeast
EUROPE
Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Portugal
Cities worldwide (GUTI Database)
Tree inventories At 84 urban tree inventories in the countries:
ASIA
Turkey (Trabzon).
OCEANIA
Australia: Albury, Ballarat, Banyule, Bathurst, Brimbank, Burnside, Campbelltown, Colac Otway Shire, Corangamite Shire, Darebin, Greater Geelong, Greater Bendigo, Hobson Bay, Launceston, Marrickville, Melbourne, Mildura, Mitcham, Moonee Valley, Moreland, Muswellbrook, Nedlands, Parramatta, Port Phillip, Shepparton, South Grampians Shire, Stirling, Stonnington, Subiaco, Whittlesea, Wyndham.
New Zealand: Christchurch
EUROPE​
Austria: Vienna
Belgium: Namur
Croatia: Zagreb
Denmark: Aarhus, Copenhagen
France: Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lyon, Montpellier, Mulhouse, Paris
Germany: Berlin, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg
Hungary: Budapest
Ireland: Fingal County
Italy: Bologna, Florence, Merano, Pavia, Prato
Netherlands: Assen, Burem, Doetinchem, Waalwijk
Norway: Oslo
Poland: Warsaw
Portugal: Lisbon
Spain: Barcelona, Valencia
Sweden: Malmö
Switzerland: Basel, Bern, Geneva, Zurich
United Kingdom: Birmingham, Bristol, Camden, London, Trafford
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AMERICAS
Canada: Montreal, New Westminster, Vancouver
Chile: Santiago de Chile
USA:
CALIFORNIA Palo Alto, San Francisco
IDAHO Boise
PENSYLVANIA Philadelphia
RHODE ISLAND Newport
WASHINGTON Seattle
Literature References on climate suitability It has been assessed as a promising species for the cities in the Mediterranean region (ARDEM project, INRAE). It is also positively evaluated by Plante & Cité's "Floriscope", the authors Sjöman and Anderson (2023) and by the French forestry company FORESTOR which specializes in reforestation projects, as a species suitable for the climate of 2050 (Boudaille 2025).
References on Fraxinus ornus
Urban Tree inventories
​GreenTree. (n.d.).
https://thessaloniki.greentree.gr/search
​​​
Canadian Institute of Forestry CIF, Institut forestier du Canada IFC. (n.d.).
https://www.openurbanforests.cif-ifc.org/
Books
Αραμπατζής, ΘεÏŒδωρος Ι. 2001.
Θάμνοι Και ΔÎντρα Στην Ελλάδα.
Δράμα: Οικολογική Κίνηση Δράμας.
Bean, W. J. 1863-1947.
Trees And Shrubs Hardy In the British Isles.
8th ed., fully revised;
Supplement by Desmond Clark (1988).
London: J. Murray, 19701980.
​
Dirr, Michael A. 2010.
Manual of Woody Landscape Plants : Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. 6. ed., rev., [repr.].
Champaign, Illinois: Stipes.
​
Sjöman, Henrik, and Anderson, Arit 2023.
The Essential Tree Selection Guide: For Climate Resilience, Carbon Storage, Species Diversity and Other Ecosystem Benefits.
London: Filbert Press
​
Strid, Arne, Stylianos Charalampidi, Panayotis Dimopoulos, and Thomas Raus. 2025.
Flora of the Athos Peninsula : Plant Life of the Holy Mountain.
Nicosia (Cyprus): Broken Hill Publishers LTD.
Plant Species Databases
Trees and Shrubs Online, www.treesandshrubsonline.org
(from the book by Bean, W. J.)
'Fraxinus ornus'
https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/fraxinus/fraxinus-ornus/
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Plante & Cité
Floriscope, n.d.
'Fraxinus ornus' and cultivars
https://www.floriscope.io/plantes/fraxinus-ornus​​​
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Research projects
INRAE, Jardin Botanique Villa Thuret 2022
“Arbres de demain - Fiches espèces.” Modified on March 25, 2024.
https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/actualites/presentation-des-fiches-especes
"Fraxinus ornus"​
Technical Fiche
https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/content/download/6155/49662?version=1
Research Institutions
​Caudullo, G., de Rigo, D., 2016.
​Fraxinus ornus in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats.
In: San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., Mauri, A. (Eds.),
European Atlas of Forest Tree Species.
Publ. Off. EU, Luxembourg, pp. e01435d+
https://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/media/atlas/Fraxinus_ornus.pdf
Registries of Remarkable Trees
Οι Φίλοι των ΕθνικÏŽν Πάρκων – Οι Φίλοι των ΕθνικÏŽν Πάρκων. (n.d.).
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​​Linkedin Posts
Boudaille, D. (August 2025).
🌳 Quels arbres pour 2050 et au-delà ?
Acer pseudoplatanus
Sapindaceae
Distribution in Athens A few trees in three boroughs: city of Athens, Agios Dimitrios, Zografou.
Biomes temperate
Countries and regions (POWO DATABASE)
Area of origin Europe to W. Caucasus
Countries in the area of origin Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Krym, North Caucasus, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sicilia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkey-in-Europe, Ukraine.
Global distribution (introduced) Algeria, Belgium, Canary Islands, Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland, Madeira, Netherlands, Sweden, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Australia (Victoria, New South Wales), New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Tasmania, Myanmar, Argentina South, Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario), USA (Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., Virginia, Washington)
Cities worldwide
Tree inventories At 127 urban tree inventories in the countries:
OCEANIA: Australia, New Zealand
AMERICAS
Argentina, Chile, Canada (Quebec city, Toronto, Vancouver), USA.
EUROPE: Belgium, Croatia (Zagreb), Belgium, Denmark, France (Grenoble, Lyon, Montpellier, Paris), Germany, Hungary, Iceland (Reykjavik), Ireland, Italy (Florence, Turin), Netherlands, Norway (Oslo), Poland (Warsaw), Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Barcelona), UK (Belfast), Slovakia, Sweden (Malmö), Switzerland (Geneva, Zurich), Ukraine, Russia.
Performance
Literature References Sjöman and Anderson (2023)
References on Acer pseudoplatanus
Urban Tree inventories
​GreenTree. (n.d.).
https://thessaloniki.greentree.gr/search
​
Books
Αραμπατζής, ΘεÏŒδωρος Ι. 2001.
Θάμνοι Και ΔÎντρα Στην Ελλάδα.
Δράμα: Οικολογική Κίνηση Δράμας.
Dirr, Michael A. 2010.
Manual of Woody Landscape Plants : Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. 6. ed., rev., [repr.].
Champaign, Illinois: Stipes.
​
Sjöman, Henrik, and Anderson, Arit 2023.
The Essential Tree Selection Guide: For Climate Resilience, Carbon Storage, Species Diversity and Other Ecosystem Benefits.
London: Filbert Press
​
Strid, Arne, Stylianos Charalampidi, Panayotis Dimopoulos, and Thomas Raus. 2025.
Flora of the Athos Peninsula : Plant Life of the Holy Mountain.
Nicosia (Cyprus): Broken Hill Publishers LTD.
Plant Species Databases
Trees and Shrubs Online, www.treesandshrubsonline.org
Crowley, Dan (2020)
'Acer pseudoplatanus'
www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/acer/acer-pseudoplatanus/
Plante & Cité
Floriscope, n.d.
'Acer pseudoplatanus' and cultivars
https://www.floriscope.io/plantes/acer-pseudoplatanus
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Plant species societies
The Maple Society of North America
home of maple enthusiasts and Acer professionals.
https://www.maplesocietynorthamerica.org/
Maple Society
https://maplesociety.org/
​​​
Plant nurseries
Mendocino Maples Nursery
Acer Pseudoplatanus cultivars
https://mendocinomaples.com/collections/pseudoplatanus-cultivars
​Blog posts
Wanderlust. (2020, June 18).
Ad Arbores.
Plane simple - how to tell a sycamore, a Norway maple and a London plane apart.
https://adarbores.blogspot.com/2020/06/plane-simple-how-to-tell-sycamore.html
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Arbutus andrachne
Ericaceae
Distribution in Athens It is a main species in some areas in Attica's mountains, as a large shrub or a small tree. However it is extremely rare in the urban areas of Athens: Rome square in the city of Athens, Philothei-Psychiko (near Pikionis square and Pikionis Garden), Ilion. Specimen trees are located in the Ancient Agora park. A small grove can be found in the NTUA campus.
Biomes subtropical
Countries and regions (POWO Database)
Area of origin Eastern Mediterranean to Northern Iraq
Countries in the area of origin Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Greece, Iraq, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Transcaucasus, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe
Global distribution (introduced) Remarkable specimen trees can be found in botanical gardens in UK, France and USA (Sutton 2021).
Cities worldwide (GUTI Database)
Tree inventories
OCEANIA: Australia (Melbourne)
EUROPE: France (Montpellier), Italy (Florence), UK (Bristol, London)
ASIA: Turkey (Trabzon), Israel (Karmiel).
Performance Trees seem to grow well in small or large parks.
Literature References on climate suitablility: ARDEM project (INRAE), Floriscope (Plante & Cité).
References on Arbutus andrachne
Posts on Social Media
Liberto Dario (ΛευτÎρης ΔαριÏŽτης) (June 28, 2026).
Greek strawberry tree/Arbutus andrachne.
https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1J4WjN4NWr/
Books
Dirr, Michael A. 2010.
Manual of Woody Landscape Plants : Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. 6. ed., rev., [repr.].
Champaign, Illinois: Stipes.
Papers
​BERTSOUKLIS, K. F., & PAPAFOTIOU, M. (2016).
Morphometric and Molecular Analysis of the Three Arbutus Species of Greece.
Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 44(2), 423–430.
https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha44210572
Plant Species Databases
Trees and Shrubs Online, www.treesandshrubsonline.org
Sutton, Julian. (2021)
'Arbutus andrachne'
https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/arbutus/arbutus-andrachne/
Plante & Cité
Floriscope, n.d.
'Arbutus andrachne'
https://www.floriscope.io/plantes/arbutus-andrachne
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​
Research Projects
Unité expérimentale Villa Thuret (Jardin Botanique)
INRAE, ARDEM network.
Bugeaud, Rose-marie, 2022
“Arbres de demain - Fiches espèces.”
Created on December 23, 2022. Modified on March 25, 2024.
https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/actualites/presentation-des-fiches-especes
​​
Bugeaud, Rose-marie, Ducatillion Catherine & Oberlé Eléonore, 2022
"Arbutus andrachne"
https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/content/download/6684/54816
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Planting projects
Comune Di Milano. 2021.
Via Padova. Maggiori vivibilità e sicurezza, presentato il progetto di riqualificazione del quartiere.
https://www2.comune.milano.it/-/via-padova.-con-la-riqualificazione-piu-sicurezza-e-vivibilita-nel-quartiere
​​
Plant identifying applications
PlantSnap. (n.d.).
How to care for Greek strawberry tree
https://www.plantsnap.com/plant-care/arbutus-andrachne
Other sources
Potamos Guest House. (2025).
Discover the Beauty and Wonders of the Strawberry Tree Arbutus andrachne in This Fascinating Guide
https://potamos.net/discover-the-beauty-and-wonders-of-the-strawberry-tree-arbutus-andrachne-in-this-fascinating-guide/
Ilex aquifolium
Aquifoliaceae
Distribution in Athens A specimen tree in a private garden in the borough of Papagou-Cholargos.
Biomes temperate
Countries and regions (POWO Database)
Area of origin Europe, NW. Africa.
Countries in the area of origin Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corse, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia
Extinct in Sweden
Global distribution (introduced)
OCEANIA: New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, South Australia, Tasmania
AMERICAS:
Canada: British Columbia, Victoria.
USA: Arkansas, , California, Hawaii, New Jersey, Ontario, Oregon, Virginia, Washington
EUROPE: Belarus,
ASIA: Lebanon-Syria, Türkiye
Cities worldwide (GUTI Database)
Tree inventories At 73 urban tree inventories in the countries:
OCEANIA: Australia (Ballarat, Banyule, Bathurst, Brimbank, Burnside, Corangamite Shire, Greater Geelong, Greater Bendigo, Hobson Bay, Knox, Launceston, Marrickville, Melbourne, Moonee Valley, Port Phillip, South Grampians Shire, Stonnington, Whittlesea).
New Zealand: Christchurch.
AMERICAS: Argentina (Santiago del Estero), Chile (Valdivia), Canada (Montreal, New Westminster, Vancouver, Victoria), USA (Augusta, Cambridge, Newport, Philadelphia, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle)
EUROPE: Austria (Vienna)
Belgium (Namur)
Croatia (Zagreb)
Denmark (Aarhus, Copenhagen)
France (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Paris)
Germany (Frankfurt, Hamburg)
Hungary (Budapest)
Ireland (Cork, Fingal County, Wexford​)
Italy (Bologna, Florence, Merano, Prato, Turin)
Netherlands (Assen, Doetinchem, Waalwijk)
Portugal (Lisbon)
Spain (Caceres, Costa Brava, Valencia)
UK (London, Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Camden, Trafford, York)
Sweden (Malmö)
Switzerland (Basel, Bern, Geneva, Zurich)
ASIA: Turkey (Bartin, Trabzon).
AFRICA: South Africa (Pretoria)
Literature References
Prunus laurocerasus
Rosaceae
Distribution in Athens It is occasionally used as a shrub for borders. However sometimes older plantings overgrow into small trees. As a central leader tree in public spaces in the boroughs of Ilioupoli and Kallithea. It is listed as an urban tree in the tree inventory of the city of Ioannina (GUTI database).
Countries and regions
Area of origin SE. Europe to N. Iran.
Countries in the area of origin Albania, Bulgaria, Iran, Libya, North Caucasus, NW. Balkan Pen., Romania, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe
Global distribution (introduced)
OCEANIA: New South Wales, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, South Australia, Tasmania
AMERICAS: Argentina South, Canada (British Columbia), USA (California, Oregon, Washington)
EUROPE: Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Madeira, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine.
ASIA: Assam, Lebanon-Syria, Uzbekistan
Cities worldwide
Tree inventories At 46 urban tree inventories in the countries:
OCEANIA: Australia, New Zealand
AMERICAS: USA (Newport, San Francisco, Seattle)
EUROPE: Denmark (Aarhus), France (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lyon, Paris), Hungary (Budapest), Germany ( Frankfurt), Ireland, Italy (Bologna, Florence, Turin), Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Barcelona, Costa Brava, Valencia), UK (Birmingham, Bristol, London), Sweden (Malmö), Switzerland (Geneva)
ASIA: Turkey (Antalya, Trabzon).
Performance The plant species has proven to be very hardy as tree or a shrub.
REFERENCES
PROJECTS
INRAE, Jardin Botanique Villa Thuret 2022
“Arbres de demain - Fiches espèces.” Modified on March 25, 2024.
https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/actualites/presentation-des-fiches-especes
BOOKS
Sjöman, Henrik, and Anderson, Arit 2023. The Essential Tree Selection Guide: For Climate Resilience, Carbon Storage, Species Diversity and Other Ecosystem Benefits. London: Filbert Press
​
LINKEDIN POSTS
Boudaille, D. (August 2025). 🌳 Quels arbres pour 2050 et au-delà ?
​