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Tree species with area of origin
the Mediterranean region

Liquidambar orientalis R 21.jpg

Liquidambar orientalis

Altingiaceae

Liquidambar orientalis R 29 LEAVE AND FRUIT.jpg
Liquidambar orientalis CROPPED AND RESIZED 37.jpg
Liquidambar orientalis two leaf colors 70 R 21.jpg

Image source: Vaso Timonidou (January 2026) Athens

Distribution in Athens. Specimen trees are located at the collections of Diomedes Botanic Garden. Also it has been observed and recorded by iNaturalist community members on the northern side of the Parnitha mountain of Attica.  

Biomes primarily in the temperate biome

Countries and areas
Area of origin  East Aegean Islands (Rodos) to W. & SW. Türkiye

Tree inventories around the world (GUTI Database). 
Its presence is recorded in 19 urban tree inventories. In France, it is present in four cities.

OCEANIA:  Australia (Canberra, Willoughby), New Zealand (Christchurch)
AMERICAS: USA (Claremont, Delaware, Palo Alto, San Diego, San Francisco)
EUROPE:  Denmark (Aarhus), France (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Montpellier, Paris), Italy (Merano), Switzerland (Geneva, Zurich), United Kingdom (Bristol, London).
ASIA: Turkey (Antalya).
 

Further Notes (to be completed)
(
Balpınar 2023, Chatzinikolaou 2025, EUFORGEN 2018, Johnson 2021, Floriscope n.d., Karetsos 2025, Matziris 2025, Plantfinder n.d., Thymakis 2025)

References on Liquidambar orientalis

Articles

Agrosymbol.gr, Agriculture and Environment News Website

New Research Project by IMFE, ELGO Dimitra and WWF Greece for the restoration of the forests with oriental plane and liquidambar tree species.

https://agrosymbol.gr/neo-erevnitiko-programma-apo-imdo-elgo-dhmhtra-wwf-ellas-gia-thn-apokatastasj-dason-anatolikou-platanou-kai-ygramvaris/

 

Karetsos, Giorgos (2025, December 12).

www.dasarxeio.com, Forestry News Website

An almost unknown legacy of the nature of Rhodes

https://dasarxeio.com/2025/12/12/147982/

Botanical Gardens

Missouri Botanical Garden

Plant Finder - Liquidambar orientalis. (n.d.).

https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=291500&%22

Papers

Balpınar, Neslihan . (2023).

Contributions to the flora of sweetgum forest nature protection area (Kargı Village/Bucak/Burdur).

Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 10(3), 116-131.

https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1132874

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejejfs/article/1132874

Plant Species Databases

Trees and Shrubs Online, www.treesandshrubsonline.org

Johnson, Owen. (2021), 

'Liquidambar orientalis

https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/liquidambar/liquidambar-orientalis/

Plante & Cité

Floriscope, n.d.

https://www.floriscope.io/

'Liquidambar orientalis

https://www.floriscope.io/plantes/liquidambar-orientalis

Research Projects

EUFORGEN European forest genetic resources programme. (2018).

Euforgen.org.

Liquidambar orientalis 

https://www.euforgen.org/species/liquidambar-orientalis/

Social Media

Matziris Evangelos, (2025 December 14)

A post on Facebook about the two sweetgum species that are found, Liquidambar orientalis and  L. styraciflua, in the urban spaces of Thessaloniki.  

"The two species of sweetgum trees that we encounter in Thessaloniki".

https://www.facebook.com/e.matziris/posts/pfbid025UjEGuxfBiREbqpcvNDsT9euFT9bGtEiSpy413SgQYUmHqftuRg6HekXtu5CB7a9l​

​​

Chatzinikolaou Aris, (2025 December 16)

As a comment on the previous post by Evangelos Matziris regarding the two sweetgum tree species, Liquidambar orientalis and  L. styraciflua, that are found in the urban areas of Thessaloniki. 

https://www.facebook.com/e.matziris/posts/pfbid025UjEGuxfBiREbqpcvNDsT9euFT9bGtEiSpy413SgQYUmHqftuRg6HekXtu5CB7a9l

​

Thymakis Nikolaos, (2025 December 12)

"The Tree of Prayer"

As a comment on the article by Georgios Karetsos regarding the rare and native (Rhodes island in the Aegean) Liquidambar orientalis

https://www.facebook.com/thymakis.nick/posts/pfbid0dDuG9D1xUwuzhVgaH4Pzvt6XPyo9bJZHrKh3cjabXmphwgHZNKq6VMRcNDQoyfrpl​

Pistacia lentiscus tree, Nea Philothei R.jpg

Pistacia lentiscus

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Nea Philothei R.jpg

Distribution in Athens A common shrub in the Greek landscape that occasionally becomes a small tree. Single-leader trees of small or medium size in the boroughs of the city of Athens and Hymettos-Dafni. Also in the parks of Ancient Agora and the NTUA Campus

Biomes subtropical

Countries and regions

Area of origin Canary Islands and the Mediterranean region.
Countries in the area of origin Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Canary Is., Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, NW. Balkan Pen., Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Türkiye.

Cities worldwide
Tree inventories In only 6 urban tree inventories in the countries:
AMERICAS: USA (San Diego)
EUROPE: Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Valencia, Barcelona, Costa Brava).
ASIA: Turkey (Karşıyaka)

Juglans regia

Viburnum tinus 

Adoxaceae

Viburnum tinus flowers

Distribution in Athens. A very common species as an ornamental shrubs. In gardens or in parks, old plants have developed to small trees. However in the borough of Dafni-Hymettos,it has been utilized as a street tree in fairly new plantings. 

Biomes subtropical 

Countries and regions
Area of origin  Mediterranean.
Countries in the area of origin Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., France, Greece, Italy, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, NW. Balkan Pen., Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Türkey
Global Distribution (Introduced).

OCEANIA: Tasmania

AMERICAS: California, Mexico Central, Oregon, Washington
EUROPE: Great Britain, Ireland, Madeira.

Cities around the world
Tree inventories around the world. It is present at 44 urban tree inventories in the countries:
OCEANIA: Australia
EUROPE: France (Paris), Italy (Bologna, Florence), Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Barcelona, Costa Brava, Valencia), Switzerland (Geneva), United Kingdom (Bristol, London).
ASIA: Iran, Turkey (Trabzon).


Performance. They appear to grow well. It is considered a very hardy shrub species. 

Arbutus unedo 29.jpg

Arbutus unedo

Ericaceae

Arbutus unedo 29 leaves.jpg

Distribution in Athens. As an ornamental shrub or a small tree in gardens or in parks (Ancient Agora). It is used more often than A. andrachne. Rarely to be found as a small tree in the street. Occurrences in the suburb Thrakomakedones.
Like A. andrachne, it is one of the main species in some mountainous areas of Attica. 

Biomes It grows mainly in the temperate biome.

Countries and regions
Area of origin  Mediterranean.
Countries in the area of origin Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Bulgaria, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, France, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Morocco, NW. Balkan Pen., Portugal, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe
Global Distribution (Introduced).

OCEANIA: New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Tasmania

EUROPE: Canary Is., Great Britain, Ireland, Madeira.

Cities around the world
Tree inventories around the world. It is present at 73 urban tree inventories in the countries:
OCEANIA: Australia (Albury, Ballarat, Banyule, Bathurst, Brimbank, Burnside, Campbelltown,  Corangamite Shire, Darebin, Greater Geelong, Greater Bendigo, Hobart, Hobson Bay, Knox, Launceston, Leichhardt, Manningham, Marrickville, Mildura, Mitcham, Moonee Valley, Moreland,  Nedlands, Parramatta, Perth, Port Phillip, Shepparton, South Grampians Shire, South Perth, Stirling, Stonnington, Sydney, Waverley, Whittlesea, Willoughby, Wyndham), New Zealand (Christchurch)
AMERICAS: Canada (Vancouver), Chile (Santiago), USA (Alameda County, Berkeley, Claremont, East Palo Alto, El Sobrante, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Oakland, Palo Alto, Pasadena, Richmond, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Monica, Seattle, South El Monte)
EUROPE: France (Bordeaux, Paris), Greece (Ioannina), Ireland (Dublin),  Italy (Bologna, Florence, Merano, Prato, Turin), Spain (Barcelona, Costa Brava, Valencia), Sweden (Malmö), Switzerland (Geneva), United Kingdom (Bristol, Camden, London).


Performance. They appear to grow well. It is considered a hardy shrub species. 

Literature references:  It has been assessed as a promising species for the cities in the Mediterranean region (ARDEM project, INRAE). Also for the state of California (SelecTree, UFEI n.d.). 

Phillyrea latifolia small tree, Philothei.jpg

Phillyrea latifolia

Oleaceae

Phillyrea latifolia leaves, Philothei.jpg

Distribution in Athens. Extremely rare in the urban areas. In the borough of Philothei - Psychiko and the park of Ancient Agora. 

Biomes primarily in the subtropical biome

Countries and areas
Area of origin  Mediterranean.

Countries in the area of origin Albania, Algeria, Baleares, Bulgaria, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., France, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Morocco, NW. Balkan Pen., Palestine, Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Tunisia, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe.

Global Distribution (Introduced).  
Canary Islands.

Tree inventories around the world. It is present at only 13 urban tree inventories, mostly in its native range, the Mediterranean.  In the countries:
OCEANIA:  Australia (Greater Bend, Port Phillip)
EUROPE:   France (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Montpellier, Paris), Italy (Florence), Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Barcelona, Costa Brava), Switzerland (Geneva)
ASIA: Israel (Tel Aviv).
 


Literature references:  It has been assessed as a promising species for the cities in the Mediterranean region (ARDEM project, INRAE). 

REFERENCES

ARTICLES

Agrosymbol.gr, Agriculture and Environment News Website

New Research Project by IMFE, ELGO Dimitra and WWF Greece for the restoration of the forests with oriental plane and liquidambar tree species.

https://agrosymbol.gr/neo-erevnitiko-programma-apo-imdo-elgo-dhmhtra-wwf-ellas-gia-thn-apokatastasj-dason-anatolikou-platanou-kai-ygramvaris/

 

Karetsos, Giorgos (2025, December 12).

www.dasarxeio.com, Forestry News Website

An almost unknown legacy of the nature of Rhodes

https://dasarxeio.com/2025/12/12/147982/

PROJECTS

ARDEM, ARbres de Demain En Méditerranée

INRAE, Jardin Botanique Villa Thuret 2022

“Arbres de demain - Fiches espèces.” Modified on March 25, 2024.

https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/actualites/presentation-des-fiches-especes

​

UFEI, Urban Forest Ecosystem Institute.

California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo.

Best Trees for Southern California’s Climate Future. Select Tree, a Tree Selection Guide. Updated 2025.

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/177  (Arbutus unedo)

​

BOOKS

Sjöman, Henrik, and Anderson, Arit 2023.

The Essential Tree Selection Guide: For Climate Resilience, Carbon Storage, Species Diversity and Other Ecosystem Benefits.

London: Filbert Press

SOCIAL MEDIA

Matziris Evangelos, (2025 December 14)

A post on Facebook about the two sweetgum species that are found, Liquidambar orientalis and  L. styraciflua, in the urban spaces of Thessaloniki.  

"The two species of sweetgum trees that we encounter in Thessaloniki".

https://www.facebook.com/e.matziris/posts/pfbid025UjEGuxfBiREbqpcvNDsT9euFT9bGtEiSpy413SgQYUmHqftuRg6HekXtu5CB7a9l​

​​

Chatzinikolaou Aris, (2025 December 16)

As a comment on the previous post by Evangelos Matziris regarding the two sweetgum tree species, Liquidambar orientalis and  L. styraciflua, that are found in the urban areas of Thessaloniki. 

https://www.facebook.com/e.matziris/posts/pfbid025UjEGuxfBiREbqpcvNDsT9euFT9bGtEiSpy413SgQYUmHqftuRg6HekXtu5CB7a9l

​

Thymakis Nikolaos, (2025 December 12),

"The Tree of Prayer"

As a comment on the article by Georgios Karetsos regarding the rare and native (Rhodes island in the Aegean) Liquidambar orientalis

https://www.facebook.com/thymakis.nick/posts/pfbid0dDuG9D1xUwuzhVgaH4Pzvt6XPyo9bJZHrKh3cjabXmphwgHZNKq6VMRcNDQoyfrpl​

PLANT SPECIES DATABASES

Trees and Shrubs Online, www.treesandshrubsonline.org

Johnson, Owen. (2021), 

'Liquidambar orientalis

https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/liquidambar/liquidambar-orientalis/

RESEARCH PROJECTS

INRAE, Jardin Botanique Villa Thuret 2022

“Arbres de demain - Fiches espèces.” Modified on March 25, 2024.

https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/actualites/presentation-des-fiches-especes

​

EUFORGEN European forest genetic resources programme. (2018).

Euforgen.org.

Liquidambar orientalis 

https://www.euforgen.org/species/liquidambar-orientalis/

PAPERS

Balpınar, Neslihan . (2023).

Contributions to the flora of sweetgum forest nature protection area (Kargı Village/Bucak/Burdur).

Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 10(3), 116-131.

https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1132874

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejejfs/article/1132874

BOTANICAL GARDENS

Missouri Botanical Garden

Plant Finder - Liquidambar orientalis. (n.d.).

https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=291500&%22

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