top of page

Tree species with area of origin the North and Central America

Gleditsia_triacanthos - Glyfada - Plateia Agiou Konstantinou

Gleditsia triacanthos

Fabaceae

Gleditsia flowers

Distribution in Athens It has a fair presence in some boroughs of Athens: Glyfada, Zografou, Kifissia. It has been noted to self propagate at the NTUA campus park.   

Biomes temperate 

Countries and regions (POWO Database)
Area of origin   W. Central & E. U.S.A. to Mexico. 
Global Distribution (Introduced) 
EUROPE: Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Krym, North Caucasus, Portugal, Romania, South European Russia, Spain, Transcaucasus, Ukraine,
ASIA: India, Iraq, China Southeast, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan ,Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Tadzhikistan.
AFRICA: Cape Provinces, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Mozambique, Northern Provinces, New South Wales, Uganda, Zimbabwe. 
AMERICAS: Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Canada (Nova Scotia, Ontario), Mexico Southwest, Uruguay, USA (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Washington)
OCEANIA: South Australia, Australia (Queensland, Victoria)

Cities worldwide (GUTI Database)
Tree inventories  With Gingko biloba, the most common species in urban tree inventories worldwide. In 217 cities.
OCEANIA
Australia, New Zealand 
AMERICAS
Argentina, Canada, Ecuador, USA
EUROPE
Austria (Vienna), Belgium, Croatia (Zagreb), Belgium, Denmark, France (Grenoble, Lyon, Montpellier, Paris), Germany, Hungary,  Ireland, Italy (Florence), Netherlands, Poland (Warsaw), Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Barcelona, Valencia), UK (London), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine 
AFRICA
South Africa, Morocco, 
ASIA
Turkey, Israel (Tel Aviv), Georgia (Tbilisi), Iran (Tehran).

Performance It appears to perform well and withstand urban heat.

Literature references There are many references on the prospect of this species for the urban climate of the future: ARDEM project, delphi study by Maribel et al. (2024), Darricau (2022), Ferrini (2023), Sjöman and Anderson (2023). 

References on Gleditsia triacanthos

Books

Darricau, Yves. 2022

Des arbres pour le futur : mémento du planteur pour 2050
Arles: Editions du Rouergue

Sjöman, Henrik, and Anderson, Arit 2023.

The Essential Tree Selection Guide: For Climate Resilience, Carbon Storage, Species Diversity and Other Ecosystem Benefits.

London: Filbert Press

Bean, W. J. 1863-1947. 

Trees And Shrubs Hardy In the British Isles. 

8th ed., fully revised;

Supplement by Desmond Clark (1988).

London: J. Murray, 19701980.

 

Articles

Ferrini, Francesco. 2023.

“The right tree in the right place.” Interview by Maurizio Lapponi.

FLORACULTURE INTERNATIONAL.

International Association of Horticultural Producers (AIPH). October 1, 2023.

https://aiph.org/floraculture/news/the-right-tree-in-the-right-place/

Plant Species Databases
​​
SelecTree.
UFEI, Urban Forest Ecosystem Institute.

California Polytechnic State University. San Luis Obispo.

Gleditsia triacanthos

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/663

Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis 'Aurea'

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/664

Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/665

Trees and Shrubs Online

www.treesandshrubsonline.org

(from the book by Bean, W. J.)

'Gleditsia triacanthos'

https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/gleditsia/gleditsia-triacanthos/

Research Projects with Plant Species Selection Databases
Plante & Cité
Floriscope, n.d.

https://www.floriscope.io/

'Gleditsia triacanthos', 'Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis' and cultivars

https://www.floriscope.io/plantes/gleditsia-triacanthos​

https://www.floriscope.io/plantes/gleditsia-triacanthos-f-inermis

UEVT, Villa Thuret, INRAE, réseau ARDEM.

Rédaction by Rose-marie Bugeaud.

“Arbres de demain - Fiches espèces.” Jardin Botanique Villa Thuret.

Created on December 23, 2022. Modified on March 25, 2024.

https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/actualites/presentation-des-fiches-especes

UEVT, Villa Thuret, INRAE, réseau ARDEM

Rose-marie Bugeaud, Catherine Ducatillion, Eléonore Oberlé, Axel Sonesi, Lamya Dahhan, 2022

Fiche pour Gleditsia triacanthos

https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/content/download/6693/54859

Papers

Maribel Carol-Aristizabal, Jérôme Dupras, Christian Messier, Rita Sousa-Silva. 2024.

“Which Tree Species Best Withstand Urban Stressors? Ask the Experts”.

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jan 2024, 50 (1) 57-75.

https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.026

Csontos, P., Kalapos, T., Faradhimu, T. et al. 2020.

Effects of tree size and park maintenance on soil seed bank of Gleditsia triacanthos, an exotic tree in urban green areas. 

BIOLOGIA FUTURA 71, 81–91 (2020).

https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-020-00020-w

Environmental Agencies

USDA NRCS - National Resources Conservation Service

National Plant Data Center & the Biota of North America Program

https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/plantguide/pdf/pg_gltr.pdf (pdf file)

Private Inititatives

PlantNative.org

Database of native plants and plant nurseries (USA)

Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos).Native Tree Growing Guide

https://plantnative.org/native-plants/honeylocust-gleditsia-triacanthos.htm

 

Garden Gate Nursery LLC. 

Gardengatetrees.Com

Gleditsia genus

https://www.gardengatetrees.com/genus/gleditsia

Plant nurseries

Baumschule LvE, Lorenz Von Ehren.  (Germany)

'Gleditsia triacanthos', 'Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis' and cultivars

https://www.lve-baumschule.com/plants/genera/gleditsia/

Agroforestry

Farmonaut®. (2026).

Gleditsia Triacanthos Sunburst: 7 Key Benefits

https://farmonaut.com/blogs/gleditsia-triacanthos-sunburst-7-key-benefits-2026

Liquidambar styraciflua

Liquidambar styraciflua

Altingiaceae

Liquidambar styraciflua leave
Liquidambar styraciflua - Glyka Nera Paiania.jpg
Liquidambar styraciflua leaves - Glyka Nera.jpg

Image source Vaso Timonidou (December 2025), suburb Glyka Nera

Distribution in Athens Rarely used. In the borough of Zografou and the suburb of Paiania - Glyka Nera. Also new plantings of L. stryraciflua at the park of Alsos Neas Smyrnis, in the context of its recent renovation.

Biomes  Temperate


Countries and regions (POWO Database)
Area of origin  Central & E. U.S.A. to Central America. 

Countries and regions in the area of origin (POWO Database): 
Alabama, Arkansas, Belize, Connecticut, El Salvador, Florida, Georgia, Guatemala, Honduras, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Nicaragua, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia


Global Distribution (Introduced)  
AMERICAS: USA (state of New York).
EUROPE: Belgium, Italy, Spain


Cities worldwide
Tree inventories (GUTI Database)
One of the most common urban trees worldwide, in 169 inventories.

OCEANIA
Australia: Albury, Ballarat, Banyule, Bathurst, Brimbank, Burnside, Campbelltown, Canberra, Colac Otway Shire, Corangamite Shire, Darebin, Fremantle, Greater Geelong, Gold Coast, Greater Bendigo, Hobson Bay, Knox, Launceston, Leichhardt, Logan, Manningham, Marrickville, Melbourne, Mildura, Mitcham, Moonee Valley, Moreland, Muswellbrook, Nedlands, Penrith, Perth, Port Philip, Shepparton, South Grampians Shire, South Perth, Stirling, Stonnington, Subiaco, Sydney, Waverley, Whittlesea, Willoughby, Wyndham.

AMERICAS
Argentina: Buenos Aires
Brazil: Cafeara, Curitiba-Paraná, 
Canada: Kawartha Lakes, Kelowna, Montreal, New Westminster, Niagara Falls, Quebec city, Toronto, Vancouver, Victoria
Chile: Santiago, Valdivia
Colombia: Bogotá, Pereira
Mexico: Mexico city, Morelia
USA

MASSACHUSETTS Arlington, Boston
GEORGIA Augusta
TEXAS Austin
CALIFORNIA Alameda County, Berkeley, Claremont, Modesto, Palo Alto, Pasadena, San Diego, San Francisco, Santa Monica
NEW YORK Amherst, Buffalo, Harrison, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, Newburgh, Nyack, Port Chester, Watertown

FLORIDA Tampa

IDAHO Boise

ILLINOIS Champaign, Chicago
LOUISIANA New Orleans

NEVADA Carson City

OHIO Columbus, Delaware, Grove City
NORTH CAROLINA Durham

SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston

COLORADO Boulder, Denver, Detroit
LOUISIANA New Orleans

RHODE ISLAND Newport

OKLAHOMA Oklahoma city
PENSYLVANIA Connellsville, Erie, Harrisburg, Hershey, Lancaster, Leechburg, New Cumberland, New Kensington, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Pottsville, Reading, Swissvale, Wilkinsburg, York.
VIRGINIA Richmond

WASHINGTON Edgewood, Seattle, Spokane, Washington DC.

EUROPE
Austria: Vienna
Belgium: Namur
Croatia: Zagreb
Denmark: Aarhus, Copenhagen
France: Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lyon, Montpellier, Mulhouse, Paris
Germany: Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg
Hungary: Budapest
Ireland: Cork, Fingal County
Italy: Bologna, Florence, Merano, Pavia, Prato, Turin
Netherlands: Assen, Doetinchem, Waalwijk
Portugal: Lisbon
Spain: Barcelona, Cáceres, Santa Cruz, Valencia
UK: Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Camden, London, Sidmouth, Trafford
Sweden: Malmö
Switzerland: Basel, Bern, Geneva, Zurich
AFRICA
South Africa: Grahamstown, Pretoria 
ASIA
Japan: Tokyo
Turkey: Trabzon


Literature references There are references on the prospect of the genus Liquidambar for the urban climate of the future. In particular regarding the species L. styraciflua as it is better known than the other members of the genus. (Sjöman and Anderson 2023). It maintains its transpiration capacity under hot and dry conditions (Plante & Cité's Floriscope). It is among recommended tree species in climate relevant lists by plant nurseries (Belgium).

References on Liquidambar styraciflua

Plant species databases

​​SelecTree. UFEI, Urban Forest Ecosystem Institute.

California Polytechnic State University. San Luis Obispo.

"Liquidambar styraciflua"

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/819

Johnson, Owen (2021)

Trees and Shrubs Online

www.treesandshrubsonline.org

'Liquidambar styraciflua'

https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/liquidambar/liquidambar-styraciflua/

 

North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. (n.d.).

​Liquidambar styraciflua (American Sweet Gum, Redgum, Red Sweet Gum, Sweetgum, Sweet Gum, Sweetgum Tree)

https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/liquidambar-styraciflua/

 

Research Projects with Plant Species Selection Databases
Plante & Cité
Floriscope, n.d.
https://www.floriscope.io/

'Liquidambar styraciflua' 

https://www.floriscope.io/plantes/liquidambar-styraciflua

​Which Plant Where. (2026).
Whichplantwhere.com.au
'Liquidambar styraciflua' ‌

https://www.whichplantwhere.com.au/plant/liquidambar-styraciflua

Research Centers

World Agroforestry (ICRAF)

Landscape Alliance

https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Liquidambar_styraciflua.PDF

 

Agroforestry

Farmonaut®. (2025, October 21).

Liquidambar Styraciflua, Orientalis, Formosana: A Comprehensive Guide. 

https://farmonaut.com/blogs/liquidambar-styraciflua-orientalis-formosana-2026-guide

Papers

Baraldi, Rita, Arkadiusz Przybysz, Osvaldo Facini, Lorenzo Pierdonà, Giulia Carriero, Gianpaolo Bertazza, and Luisa Neri. 2019.

"Impact of Drought and Salinity on Sweetgum Tree (Liquidambar styraciflua L.): Understanding Tree Ecophysiological Responses in the Urban Context" 

Forests 10, no. 11: 1032.

https://doi.org/10.3390/f10111032

Books

Darricau, Yves. 2022

Des arbres pour le futur : mémento du planteur pour 2050
Arles: Editions du Rouergue

 

Sjöman, Henrik, and Anderson, Arit 2023.

The Essential Tree Selection Guide: For Climate Resilience, Carbon Storage, Species Diversity and Other Ecosystem Benefits.

London: Filbert Press

Plant nurseries

Willaert plant nursery (Belgium)

www.willaert.be

Klimaatbomen

https://www.willaert.be/nl/licht-op-groen/trends/klimaatbomen

Climate Trees

https://www.willaert.be/en/inspiration-page/trends/climate-trees

Baumschule LvE, Lorenz Von Ehren.  (Germany)

Liquidambar styraciflua

https://www.lve-baumschule.de/liquidambar-styraciflua/6354107

Parkinsonia aculeata tree Iwebpage) RESIZED 15.jpg

Parkinsonia aculeata 

Fabaceae

Parkinsonia aculeata flower Iwebpage)  RESIZED 16.jpg

Distribution in Athens Its landscape use is rather limited in a few boroughs and mostly as specimens in parks. At the boroughs of Ilioupoli, Ilion (Antonis Tritsis Metropolitan Park), Nea Smyrni ( Alsos of Nea Smyrni).  

Biomes  Seasonally dry tropical 

Countries and regions (POWO Database)
Area of origin   Mexico to N. Argentina, Caribbean.
Countries and regions in the area of origin Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil South, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Galápagos, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Turks-Caicos Is., Uruguay, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.
Global Distribution (Introduced) 
Alabama, Algeria, Angola, Arizona, Assam, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burkina, California, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Cyprus, Djibouti, DR Congo, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Florida, Free State, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Gulf States, Hainan, Hawaii, India, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Libya, Louisiana, Mali, Marianas, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nevada, New Caledonia, New Mexico, New South Wales, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Queensland, Réunion, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sicilia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan-South Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Texas, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Utah, Venezuela, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zimbabwe. 

Cities worldwide (GUTI Database)
Tree inventories  In 38 inventories around the world. 
OCEANIA
Australia: Perth.

AMERICAS
Argentina (Buenos Aires, Santiago del Estero), Colombia (Medellin), Costa Rica (San Jose), Panama (Bella Vista), Peru (Cusco, Lima, Piura).
USA: Austin, Charleston, Claremont, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Palo Alto, Pasadena, Phoenix, San Diego, Santa Monica, Sarasota. 

EUROPE
Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Barcelona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Valencia)

ASIA
Israel (Tel Aviv), Oman (Madinat al Qaboos, Muscat, Qurm, Ruwi, Seeb), Palestine (Gaza), Turkey (Antalya).  

AFRICA
Ghana (Kumasi), Niger (Niamey, Maradi), Togo (Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Lomé).  

Performance It is very resilient to hot and dry conditions however its self propagation and expansion can be very hard to control. 

Literature references SelecTree for Southern California's Future Climate (2025).

Leucaena leucocephala - Ilioupoli - Plateia Ethnikis Antistaseos - (20240505)

Leucaena leucocephala

Fabaceae

Leucaena leucocephala - flowers and seedpods - Ilioupoli - Plateia Ethnikis Antistase

Distribution in Athens It has been used in recent plantings in the central square of the borough of Ilioupoli. It is also present in the collections of Diomedes Botanic Garden.

Biomes seasonally dry tropical 

Countries and regions
Area of origin  Mexico to Central America.
Global Distribution (Introduced)  
EUROPE: Baleares, Canary Is., Cyprus, Italy, Madeira, Portugal, Sicilia, Spain.
ASIA: Andaman Islands, Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Chagos Archipelago, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Gulf States, Hainan, India, Iraq, Jawa, Kazan-retto, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Nansei-shoto, Nicobar Islands, Ogasawara-shoto, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, West Himalaya, Yemen, Vietnam.
AFRICA: Algeria, Angola, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, DR Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ascension, Benin, Gambia, GuineaGuinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea islands, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rodrigues, St.Helena, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan-South Sudan, Tunisia, Liberia, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa (Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces), Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe.

AMERICAS: Argentina Northwest, Aruba, Bahamas, BermudaBolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Easter Islands, Ecuador, French Guiana, Galápagos, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Peru, Puerto Rico, Mexico Northwest, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Turks-Caicos Is., USA (Florida, Texas, Hawaii),  Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Wake Island, Windward Islands. 
OCEANIA:  Australia (New South Wales, Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria), Bismarck Archipelago, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Caroline Islands, Cook Is., Fiji, Gilbert Islands, Line Is., MarianasMarquesas, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Phoenix Islands, Pitcairn Is., Samoa, Society Is., Solomon Is., Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Island, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Islands

Cities worldwide
Tree inventories  In 55 inventories around the world.

OCEANIA: Australia (Manningham)

AMERICAS: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Santiago del Estero), Brazil (Bahia, Belo Horizonte, Brasilia, Cafeara, Curitiba - Paraná, Fortaleza, Goiandira, Guarapuava, Jatai, Paraiba, Ponta Grossa, Rio de Janeiro), Colombia (Ibague City, Leticia, Manizales, Medellin, Pereira, Valle del Cauca - Norte del Valle), Nicaragua (León), Mexico (Merida), Panama (Bella Vista, Betania, San Francisco), Peru (Piura)

USA (Austin, Cape Coral, Honolulu, Phoenix, Tampa, Santa Monica).

EUROPE: Spain (Barcelona, Valencia, Santa Cruz de Tenerife).

ASIA: Iran (Ahvaz), Turkey (Antalya), China (Chongqing, Guiyang, Haikou, Hangzhou, Hong Kong, Nanchang), India (Bangalore, Bhopal), Taiwan (Bangkok, Taipei), Thailand.

AFRICAS: Botswana (Gabarone), Zimbabwe (Harare), Niger (Maradi, Niamey), Nigeria (Ibadan, Uyo), Morocco (Casablanca).
 
Performance It appears to perform well and withstand urban hea


Literature references SelecTree (2025)

References on Leucaena leucocephala

Plant Species Databases

​​UFEI, Urban Forest Ecosystem Institute. California State Polytechnic University.

Best Trees for Southern California’s Climate Future. Select Tree, a Tree Selection Guide. Updated 2025.

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/list/421 (Small to Medium-Sized Trees for California's Climate Future, curated by Matt Ritter)

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/1649   (Leucaena leucocephala)

​​

florꜳnatolica | Türkiye bitki atlası

https://floranatolica.com/index.php

'Leucaena leucocephala

https://floranatolica.com/eukaria/gui/species.php?ID=Leucaena-leucocephala

Plant Species Databases

Trees and Shrubs Online, www.treesandshrubsonline.org

Article from the book "New Trees" by John Grimshaw & Ross Bayton, 

'Leucaena leucocephala

https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/leucaena/leucaena-leucocephala/

Books

New Trees Recent Introductions to Cultivation (2009)

By: John Grimshaw and Ross Bayton

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

The plant Book. (1997)

Mabberley, David John

2nd Ed. UK

Cambridge University Press; UK

Cascabela thevetia (Palaion Faliro)

Cascabela thevetia

Apocynaceae

Cascabela thevetia

Distribution in Athens In the coastal borough of Palaio Faliro and the boroughs of ZografouIlioupoli and Dafni-Hymettos (mostly private gardens). Extremely rare. However its presence is documented in the Aegean islands (POWO database). 

Biomes seasonally dry tropical 

 
Countries and regions (POWO Database)
Area of origin  Mexico to South Tropical America.
Countries in the area of origin Argentina Northeast, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Global Distribution (Introduced) East Aegean Is., Canary Is., Italy, Angola, Assam, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Cambodia, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Cook Is., Fiji, Cuba, USA, Dominican Republic, (Florida, Hawaii), Gambia, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Hainan, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Nepal, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Senegal, Society Is., Taiwan, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Vanuatu, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Cities worldwide (GUTI Database)
Tree inventories In 41 inventories around the world. Mostly in S. and C. America and Africa:
OCEANIA: Australia (Sydney)
AMERICAS: Brasil (Assis, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza ), Panama (Bella Vista, Betania), Argentina (Buenos Aires, Santiago del Estero), Costa Rica (San Jose), Panama (Calidonia, San Francisco), Peru (Piura), USA (Claremont CA, Pasadena CA, San Diego CA, Santa Monica CA, Honolulu HI), Colombia (Leticia, Medellin, Pereira), Nicaragua (León), Mexico (Linares, Merida, Morelia), Venezuela (Maracaibo).
EUROPE: Spain (Santa Cruz de Tenerife).
ASIA: Turkey (Antalya), Palestine (Gaza), Israel (Tel Aviv), India (Bangalore, New Delhi), China (Hong Kong)
AFRICA: Morocco (Casablanca), Nigeria (Ibadan), Rwanda (Kigali), Togo (Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Lomé), Kenya (Nairobi), Botswana (Gabarone).

Literature references It is noted for its drought tolerance

Duranta erecta Resized 22.jpg

Duranta erecta

Verbenaceae

Duranta erecta leaves and fruit  Resized 37.jpg

Distribution in Athens It is a shrub more frequently found in older garden or park plantings. Very rarely as a small tree. In the borough of the City of Athens. 

Biomes  It grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. 

 
Countries and regions
Area of origin  South Florida to Caribbean, Mexico to North America. 
Countries in the area of origin Bahamas, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Panamá, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.
Global Distribution (Introduced) 
Algeria, Andaman Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Arizona, Assam, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil Northeast, Brazil West-Central, Burundi, California, Cambodia, Caroline Is., Central African Republic, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, DR Congo, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Galápagos, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Kenya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Malawi, Marianas, Marshall Is., Mozambique, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Norfolk Is., Paraguay, Peru, Sicilia, Society Is., St.Helena, Sudan-South Sudan, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Texas, Thailand, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Wake I., West Himalaya, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Cities worldwide
Tree inventories 
It is present in 36 urban tree inventories.

OCEANIA: Australia (Brimbank, Burnside, Hobson Bay, Nedlands, Parramatta, Penrith, South Perth, Sydney).
AMERICAS: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Santiago del Estero), Brazil (Cafeara, Fortaleza, Jatai, Ponta Grossa, Porto Alegre, Vicosa), Nicaragua (León), Costa Rica (San Jose), Colombia (Ibague City, Medellin, Pereira),  USA (San Diego, San Francisco, Santa Monica).
EUROPE: Spain (Barcelona).
AFRICA: Ghana (Kumasi), Kenya (Nairobi), Niger (Niamey), Nigeria (Ibadan, Uyo).
ASIA: China (Chengdu, Chongqing, Hong Kong, Kunming), Palestine (Gaza).

Persea americana tree 14.jpg

Persea americana

Lauraceae

Persea americana leaves 17.jpg

Distribution in Athens It is found in some private gardens in the boroughs of the city of Athens and Palaio Faliro
 
Biomes seasonally dry tropical biome. 

Countries and regions
Area of origin   Central Mexico to Costa Rica.

Countries in the area of origin Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua
Global Distribution (Introduced) 
EUROPE: Cyprus.
ASIA: Assam, Bangladesh, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, India, Laos, Taiwan, Vietnam
AFRICA: Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, DR Congo, Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Sudan-South Sudan, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., MauritiusRéunionRodrigues.
AMERICAS: Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Bolivia, Cayman Is., Central American Pacific Is., Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Easter Is., Ecuador, El Salvador, Galápagos, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Panamá, Peru, Puerto Rico, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Trinidad-Tobago, USA (FloridaHawaii, New York), Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is. 
OCEANIA: Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, MarianasMarquesas, Marshall Islands, New Zealand North, Pitcairn Is., Society Is., Solomon Is., Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu.

Cities worldwide
Tree inventories  In 81 inventories around the world.

OCEANIA: Australia (Banyule, Brimbank, Burnside, Campbelltown, Darebin, Fremantle, Gold Coast, Knox, Manningham, Marrickville, Moreland, Nedlands, Parramatta, Perth, Port Phillip, Stirling, Stonnington, Subiaco, Sydney).
AMERICAS: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Puerto Iguazú, Santiago del Estero ), Brazil (Bahia, Belo Horizonte, Brasilia, Curitiba - Paraná, Guarapuava, Ponta Grossa, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Maria ), Colombia (Bogotá, Ibague City, Leticia, Manizales, Medellin, Pereira, Valle del Cauca-Norte del Valle), Costa Rica (San Jose), Mexico (Merida, Mexico City, Morelia), Nicaragua (León), Panama (Bella Vista, Betania, Calidonia, San Francisco), Peru (Lima, Piura), Puerto Rico (San Juan). 
USA: Alameda County, Berkeley, Claremont, East Palo Alto, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Oakland, Palo Alto, Pasadena, San Francisco, Santa Monica, Tampa.

EUROPE: France (Bordeaux), Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Barcelona, Costa Brava, Santa Cruz, Valencia).
AFRICA: Nigeria (Ado Etiki, Uyo), Togo (Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Lomé), Zimbabwe (Harare), Nigeria (Ibadan), Rwanda (Kigali), Ghana (Kumasi).
ASIA: China (Hong Kong), Singapore (Singapore), Israel (Tel Aviv). 


Performance It appears to perform very well, although in protected locations and well maintained gardens.

Acer negundo

Acer negundo

Sapindaceae

Acer negundo seed pods

Distribution in Athens It is not an uncommon tree species in some boroughs of Athens. However in most boroughs it is underutilized or absent. In the boroughs of city of Athens, Agios Dimitrios, Aigaleo, Dafni-Hymettos, Gerakas, Haidari, Papagou-Cholargos, Palaion Faliron, Petroupoli, Kifissia, Nea Smyrni, Zografou. A few trees at the NTUA campus. 

Biomes  Temperate

Countries and regions (POWO Database)
Area of origin  N. America to Honduras.
Countries and regions in the area of origin Alabama, Alberta, Arizona, Arkansas, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Guatemala, Honduras, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yukon
Global Distribution (Introduced)  
EUROPE: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, East European Russia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Türkey-in-Europe, Ukraine.
ASIA: Altay, Amur, Buryatiya, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Inner Mongolia, Iraq, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Korea, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Türkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, West Himalaya, West Siberia.
AFRICA: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia.

AMERICAS: Argentina Northeast, Bolivia.
OCEANIA:  New Zealand. 

Cities worldwide
Tree inventories  One of the most common urban trees worldwide, along with Gingko biloba and Gleditsia triacanthos. In 207 inventories.
OCEANIA: Australia, New Zealand.
AMERICAS: Argentina (Buenos Aires), Brazil, Canada (Montreal, Quebec city, Toronto, Vancouver), Chile, Mexico, USA: Arlington, Athens, Berkeley, Buffalo, Charlotte, Chicago, Delaware, Denver, Ithaca, Kansas city, Minneapolis, 
New Orleans, New York, Oakland, Oklahoma city, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, Tampa).
EUROPE: Austria (Vienna), Croatia (Zagreb), Denmark, Finland (Helsinki), France (Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lyon, Montpellier, Paris), Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg), Greece (Arta, Ioannina, Preveza), Hungary (Budapest),  Ireland, Italy (Bologna, Florence, Turin), Netherlands, Norway (Oslo), Poland (Warsaw), Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Barcelona, Costa Brava, Valencia), UK (Birmingham, Bristol, London), Slovakia (Bratislava), Sweden (Malmö), Switzerland (Basel, Bern, Geneva, Zurich), Ukraine. 
AFRICA: South Africa (Johannesburg) 
ASIA: China, Turkey (Antalya, Trabzon), Georgia (Tbilisi).

Performance It appears to perform well and withstand urban heat and narrow sidewalks. It is utilized in new plantings of some boroughs of Athens (city of Athens, Lykovrysi-Pefki). 

Literature references Maribel et al., (2024), Sjöman and Anderson (2023).

REFERENCES 

PROJECTS

ARDEM PROJECT, INRAE

Ducatillion Catherine and Delorme, Sarah. 2022.  ARbres de Demain En Méditerranée (ARDEM) projet brochure. Villa de Thuret, INRAE. 2022. 

https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/content/download/6148/49641?version=1

INRAE. |Rédaction by Rose-marie Bugeaud. “Arbres de demain - Fiches espèces.” Jardin Botanique Villa Thuret. Created on December 23, 2022. Modified on March 25, 2024.

https://jardin-thuret.hub.inrae.fr/actualites/presentation-des-fiches-especes

UFEI, Urban Forest Ecosystem Institute. California State Polytechnic University.

Best Trees for Southern California’s Climate Future. Select Tree, a Tree Selection Guide. Updated 2024.

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/list/67   (BEST LARGE TREES FOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA’S CLIMATE FUTURE)

https://selectree.calpoly.edu/tree-detail/741   (Jacaranda mimosifolia)

PAPERS

Maribel Carol-Aristizabal, Jérôme Dupras, Christian Messier, Rita Sousa-Silva. 2024.

“Which Tree Species Best Withstand Urban Stressors? Ask the Experts”.

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Jan 2024, 50 (1) 57-75.

https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.026

BOOKS

Darricau, Yves. 2022

Des arbres pour le futur : mémento du planteur pour 2050
Arles: Editions du Rouergue

 

Sjöman, Henrik, and Anderson, Arit 2023.

The Essential Tree Selection Guide: For Climate Resilience, Carbon Storage, Species Diversity and Other Ecosystem Benefits.

London: Filbert Press

ARTICLES

Ferrini, Francesco. 2023. “The right tree in the right place.” Interview by Maurizio Lapponi.

FLORACULTURE INTERNATIONAL. International Association of Horticultural Producers (AIPH). October 1, 2023.

https://aiph.org/floraculture/news/the-right-tree-in-the-right-place/

bottom of page